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Sparse Jacobian

Syntax
jac = f.SparseJacobian(x) jac = f.SparseJacobian(x, p) n_sweep = f.SparseJacobianForward(x, p, row, col, jac, work) n_sweep = f.SparseJacobianReverse(x, p, row, col, jac, work) 
Purpose
We use $n$ for the domain size, and $m$ for the range size of f . We use $F : \B{R}^n \rightarrow \B{R}^m$ do denote the AD function corresponding to f . The syntax above sets jac to the Jacobian $$jac = F^{(1)} (x)$$ This routine takes advantage of the sparsity of the Jacobian in order to reduce the amount of computation necessary. If row and col are present, it also takes advantage of the reduced set of elements of the Jacobian that need to be computed. One can use speed tests (e.g. speed_test ) to verify that results are computed faster than when using the routine Jacobian .

f
The object f has prototype       ADFun<Base> f  Note that the ADFun object f is not const (see Uses Forward below).

x
The argument x has prototype       const VectorBase& x  (see VectorBase below) and its size must be equal to n , the dimension of the domain space for f . It specifies that point at which to evaluate the Jacobian.

p
The argument p is optional and has prototype       const VectorSet& p  (see VectorSet below). If it has elements of type bool, its size is $m * n$. If it has elements of type std::set<size_t>, its size is $m$ and all its set elements are between zero and $n - 1$. It specifies a sparsity pattern for the Jacobian $F^{(1)} (x)$.  If this sparsity pattern does not change between calls to SparseJacobian , it should be faster to calculate p once (using ForSparseJac or RevSparseJac ) and then pass p to SparseJacobian . Furthermore, if you specify work in the calling sequence, it is not necessary to keep the sparsity pattern; see the heading p under the work description.  In addition, if you specify p , CppAD will use the same type of sparsity representation (vectors of bool or vectors of std::set<size_t>) for its internal calculations. Otherwise, the representation for the internal calculations is unspecified.

row, col
The arguments row and col are optional and have prototype       const VectorSize& row      const VectorSize& col  (see VectorSize below). They specify which rows and columns of $F^{(1)} (x)$ are computes and in what order. Not all the non-zero entries in $F^{(1)} (x)$ need be computed, but all the entries specified by row and col must be possibly non-zero in the sparsity pattern. We use $K$ to denote the value jac.size() which must also equal the size of row and col . Furthermore, for $k = 0 , \ldots , K-1$, it must hold that $row[k] < m$ and $col[k] < n$.

jac
The result jac has prototype       VectorBase& jac  In the case where the arguments row and col are not present, the size of jac is $m * n$ and for $i = 0 , \ldots , m-1$, $j = 0 , \ldots , n-1$, $$jac [ i * n + j ] = \D{ F_i }{ x_j } (x)$$  In the case where the arguments row and col are present, we use $K$ to denote the size of jac . The input value of its elements does not matter. Upon return, for $k = 0 , \ldots , K - 1$, $$jac [ k ] = \D{ F_i }{ x_j } (x) \; , \; \; {\rm where} \; i = row[k] \; {\rm and } \; j = col[k]$$

work
If this argument is present, it has prototype       sparse_jacobian_work& work  This object can only be used with the routines SparseJacobianForward and SparseJacobianReverse. During its the first use, information is stored in work . This is used to reduce the work done by future calls to the same mode (forward or reverse), the same f , p , row , and col . If a future call is for a different mode, or any of these values have changed, you must first call work.clear() to inform CppAD that this information needs to be recomputed.

color_method
The coloring algorithm determines which columns (forward mode) or rows (reverse mode) can be computed during the same sweep. This field has prototype       std::string work.color_method  and its default value (after a constructor or clear()) is "cppad". If colpack_prefix is specified on the cmake command line, you can set this method to "colpack". This value only matters on the first call to sparse_jacobian that follows the work constructor or a call to work.clear() .

p
If work is present, and it is not the first call after its construction or a clear, the sparsity pattern p is not used. This enables one to free the sparsity pattern and still compute corresponding sparse Jacobians.

n_sweep
The return value n_sweep has prototype       size_t n_sweep  If SparseJacobianForward (SparseJacobianReverse) is used, n_sweep is the number of first order forward (reverse) sweeps used to compute the requested Jacobian values. (This is also the number of colors determined by the coloring method mentioned above). This is proportional to the total work that SparseJacobian does, not counting the zero order forward sweep, or the work to combine multiple columns (rows) into a single sweep.

VectorBase
The type VectorBase must be a SimpleVector class with elements of type Base . The routine CheckSimpleVector will generate an error message if this is not the case.

VectorSet
The type VectorSet must be a SimpleVector class with elements of type bool or std::set<size_t>; see sparsity pattern for a discussion of the difference. The routine CheckSimpleVector will generate an error message if this is not the case.

Restrictions
If VectorSet has elements of std::set<size_t>, then p[i] must return a reference (not a copy) to the corresponding set. According to section 26.3.2.3 of the 1998 C++ standard, std::valarray< std::set<size_t> > does not satisfy this condition.

VectorSize
The type VectorSize must be a SimpleVector class with elements of type size_t. The routine CheckSimpleVector will generate an error message if this is not the case.

Uses Forward
After each call to Forward , the object f contains the corresponding Taylor coefficients . After a call to any of the sparse Jacobian routines, the zero order Taylor coefficients correspond to f.Forward(0, x) and the other coefficients are unspecified. After SparseJacobian, the previous calls to Forward are undefined.

Example
The routine sparse_jacobian.cpp is examples and tests of sparse_jacobian. It return true, if it succeeds and false otherwise.