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# ifndef CPPAD_ACOS_OP_INCLUDED
# define CPPAD_ACOS_OP_INCLUDED

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
CppAD: C++ Algorithmic Differentiation: Copyright (C) 2003-07 Bradley M. Bell

CppAD is distributed under multiple licenses. This distribution is under
the terms of the 
                    Common Public License Version 1.0.

A copy of this license is included in the COPYING file of this distribution.
Please visit http://www.coin-or.org/CppAD/ for information on other licenses.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/*
$begin ForAcosOp$$ $comment CppAD Developer Documentation$$
$spell
        sqrt
        acos
        Taylor
        const
        inline
        Op
$$

$index acos, forward$$
$index forward, acos$$
$index ForAcosOp$$

$section Forward Mode Acos Function$$

$head Syntax$$

$syntax%inline void ForAcosOp(size_t %d%,
        %Base% *%z%, %Base% *%b%, const %Base% *%x%)%$$

$head Description$$
Computes the $italic d$$ order Taylor coefficient for 
$latex Z$$ and $latex B$$ where
$syntax%
        %Z% = acos(%X%)
        %B% = \sqrt{ 1 - %X% * %X% }
%$$

$head x$$
The vector $italic x$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and contains the
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic X$$.

$head z$$
The vector $italic z$$ has length $latex d+1$$.
On input it contains the
$th d-1$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic Z$$.
On output it contains the
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic Z$$; i.e.,
$syntax%%z%[%d%]%$$ is set equal to the $th d$$ Taylor coefficient for
the function $italic S$$.

$head b$$
The vector $italic c$$ has length $latex d+1$$.
On input it contains the
$th d-1$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic B$$.
On output it contains the
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic B$$; i.e.,
$syntax%%b%[%d%]%$$ is set equal to the $th d$$ Taylor coefficient for
the function $italic B$$.

$end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$begin RevAcosOp$$ $comment CppAD Developer Documentation$$
$spell
        ps
        Acos
        pb
        Sin
        Taylor
        const
        inline
        Op
        px
        py
        pz
$$


$index acos, reverse$$
$index reverse, acos$$
$index RevAcosOp$$

$section Reverse Mode Acos Function$$

$head Syntax$$

$syntax%inline void RevAcosOp(size_t %d%,
        const %Base% *%z%, const %Base% *%b%, const %Base% *%x%,
         %Base% *%pz%, %Base% *%pb%, %Base% *%px%)%$$

$head Description$$
We are given the partial derivatives for a function
$latex G(z, b, x)$$ and we wish to compute the partial derivatives for
the function
$latex \[
        H(x) = G [ Z(x) , B(x) , x ]
\] $$
where $latex Z(x)$$ and $latex B(x)$$ are defined as the 
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $latex \arccos(x)$$
and $latex 1 + x * x$$ 
as a function of the corresponding row vector for $italic X$$; i.e.,
$latex \[
\begin{array}{rcl}
        Z & = & \arccos(X) \\
        B & = & 1 + X * X
\end{array}
\]$$
Note that $italic Z$$ and $latex B$$ have
been used both the original 
functions and for the corresponding mapping of Taylor coefficients.

$head x$$
The vector $italic x$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and contains the
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic X$$.


$head z$$
The vector $italic z$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and contains
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic z$$.

$head b$$
The vector $italic b$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and contains
$th d$$ order Taylor coefficient row vector for $italic B$$.


$head On Input$$

$subhead px$$
The vector $italic px$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
$syntax%%px%[%j%]%$$ contains the partial for $italic G$$
with respect to the $th j$$ order Taylor coefficient for $italic X$$.

$subhead pz$$
The vector $italic pz$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
$syntax%%pz%[%j%]%$$ contains the partial for $italic G$$
with respect to the $th j$$ order Taylor coefficient for $italic Z$$.

$subhead pb$$
The vector $italic pb$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
$syntax%%pb%[%j%]%$$ contains the partial for $italic G$$
with respect to the $th j$$ order Taylor coefficient for $italic B$$.

$head On Output$$

$subhead px$$
The vector $italic px$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
$syntax%%px%[%j%]%$$ contains the partial for $italic H$$
with respect to the $th j$$ order Taylor coefficient for $italic X$$.

$subhead pz$$
The vector $italic ps$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
its contents are no longer specified; i.e., it has
been used for work space.

$subhead pb$$
The vector $italic pb$$ has length $latex d+1$$ and 
its contents are no longer specified; i.e., it has
been used for work space.

$end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/

// BEGIN CppAD namespace
namespace CppAD {

template <class Base>
inline void ForAcosOp(size_t j, 
        Base *z, Base *b, const Base *x)
{       size_t k;
        Base qj;

        if( j == 0 )
        {       z[j] = acos( x[0] );
                qj   = Base(1) - x[0] * x[0];
                b[j] = sqrt( qj );
        }
        else
        {       qj = 0.;
                for(k = 0; k <= j; k++)
                        qj -= x[k] * x[j-k];
                b[j] = Base(0);
                z[j] = Base(0);
                for(k = 1; k < j; k++)
                {       b[j] -= Base(k) * b[k] * b[j-k];
                        z[j] -= Base(k) * z[k] * b[j-k];
                }
                b[j] /= Base(j);
                z[j] /= Base(j);
                //
                b[j] += qj / Base(2);
                z[j] -= x[j];
                //
                b[j] /= b[0];
                z[j] /= b[0];
        }
}

template <class Base>
inline void RevAcosOp(size_t d, 
        const Base  *z, const Base  *b, const Base *x,
              Base *pz,       Base *pb,       Base *px)
{       size_t k;

        // number of indices to access
        size_t j = d;

        while(j)
        {
                // scale partials w.r.t b[j] by 1 / b[0]
                pb[j] /= b[0];

                // scale partials w.r.t z[j] by 1 / b[0]
                pz[j] /= b[0];

                // update partials w.r.t b^0 
                pb[0] -= pz[j] * z[j] + pb[j] * b[j]; 

                // update partial w.r.t. x^0
                px[0] -= pb[j] * x[j];

                // update partial w.r.t. x^j
                px[j] -= pz[j] + pb[j] * x[0];

                // further scale partial w.r.t. z[j] by 1 / j
                pz[j] /= Base(j);

                for(k = 1; k < j; k++)
                {       // update partials w.r.t b^(j-k)
                        pb[j-k] -= Base(k) * pz[j] * z[k] + pb[j] * b[k];

                        // update partials w.r.t. x^k 
                        px[k]   -= pb[j] * x[j-k];

                        // update partials w.r.t. z^k
                        pz[k]   -= pz[j] * Base(k) * b[j-k];
                }
                --j;
        }

        // j == 0 case
        px[0] -= ( pz[0] + pb[0] * x[0]) / b[0];
}

} // END CppAD namespace

# endif

---